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Removing hydrocarbons from oil well ‘frac flowback’ water (idea) judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com [981]-2012/04/30, [979]-2012/04/29 OriginOil, Inc. (USA) now very aggressively turns your attention from its algae production profile to another direction. ‘Water is produced and used in large quantities in oil and gas operations – they wrote.- According to the U.S. Department of Energy, an average of 3 barrels of contaminated water is generated for each 1 barrel of oil produced. In the United States, the average is 7 barrels of water. Greentech Media reports that energy companies pay between $3 – $12 to dispose of each barrel of produced water, implying a potential world market value between $300 billion and $1 trillion per year’. I would like to suppose a freezing to be able to be a proper technology for that purpose. At first stage, some water can be avoided by simple separation of water from oil by setting, and it allows to avoid about 40% of water in a case of water to oil ratio being 3 : 1. In that case, the new, derivative ratio would be 1.8 : 1, further would be exposed to freezing. If ideal, the freezing consumes 159,000 g * 6 kJ /18 g = 53,000 kJ = 14.7 kWh of cold or about 5 kWh of electricity if a good heat pump, or 5 * 1.8 /3 =3 kWh per 1.0 barrel of the water of the initial oil/water composition, or negligible 20 cent per a barrel of the cleaned water. It is looked very promising to save up to trillion dollars wasted now in oil industry. It must be an unusual freezing to accelerate that usually very slow process, because very small ice’s heat conductivity, but we can to freeze a thin layer by a layer and manifold accelerate the ice growing, while the heavy oil would be collected under the ice and pumped away to oil collector, or the light oil would be collected in upper side of the ice and that reminded unfrozen liquid must be sucked by vacuum cleaner and pumped away to oil collector too. The cold can be created upper the pool, that can be thermal insulated if ambient air temperature being upper zero. The pool for that freezing process can operate up to summer season, when the said fresh ice would be melted by ambient air into the water cleaned.
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Breakthrough solar system judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com[978]-2012/04/29 The solar power system offered is based on following very fruitful ideas: (1) Two mirrors’ unit consists of a planar heliostat paired with motionless solar beams concentrator. Such unit being multiplied for solar power plant, it can save plenty land area by about 25% in comparison with conventional systems, because they can be placed more tightly not suffering of shading each others. Its mirrors can be saved inside cases against dust, atmospheric precipitations, wind stresses and so on, and can be cleaned automatically, unmanned. Moreover, its concentrating mirror is motionless here, and it makes possibility of very many promising industrial applications being absolutely not possible if conventional system. Exact sun tracing can be reached here by very simple and cheap control device. Being summarized such approach allows to create very reliable and cheap solar power system. My calculations and explanations had been presented for evaluation to Dr. Akiva Segal (Weizmann Institute of Sciences (WIS), Israel) some years ago, but he didn’t find a time to answer me, even if he promised me constantly… It was dieveloped by me independently some years ago, but I just have been puzzled to know that analogous system was used in latest 80’-s by the same Weizmann Institute of Sciences – see: “Solar Energy”, Vol. 42, No. 3, p.p. 265-272, 1989, printed in USA (R. Levitan, H. Rosen and M. Levy, Department of Material Sciences). It was used to create a high temperature of about 1000 Centigrade for thermochemistry research. But the said device was considered by WIS to be interested for research purposes only, and during next more than 20 years it rusts all forgotten in favor a grandiose idiotism being a giant dish concentrator, because both the solar thermochemistry and two mirrors’ concentrating system was considered by WIS as non-perspective branch of solar industry, supposedly from their economical point of view. You see and see below, I can’t agree!!! (2) Stretched strings (e.g. stainless, or polyamide ones), can be used to support walls of the said cases containing the said mirrors, and by the way we can save a plenty many materials of the walls, and for the said mirrors can be used minimum materials too, because they would be suffering by own small weight load only. It is well known that specific strength of the thin strings is sufficiently higher that for the bulk, so we can save a plenty many materials for the walls and for the mirrors, especially if the system being composed of not big subunits of about 1.0 meter X 1.0 meter. The last demand serves to lighten the case’s frame against loads induced by the stretched strings. The last is especially important, because a cost of the frame would be a very big share of a cost of the system, even if it is of cheap black iron. Much to the happiness, the said loads on adjacent frame are compensated each others. A back wall of the case is of PET sheet, and a front wall is of Plexiglas (3) The heliostat mirror is of Plexiglas too. The concentrating mirror is a Fresnel reflector, and consists of concentric circles of small reflectors of hollow polycarbonate. The cost of the system with concentrating ratio even if more than 5000 : 1 would be USD 15.0 per 1.0 squire meter approximately (if today prices, 2012, May) : USD 7.0 – black iron frame USD 1.4 – PET sheet USD 2.0 – stainless strings USD 2.0 – hollow polycarbonate USD 2.0 – Plexiglas Durability is more than 10 years. All materials are recyclable. 1.0 squire meter subunit is about 8.0 kg, the lion share of it is the frame’s weight. Cost of such solar thermal electricity could be much less than 1.0 US cent/kWh (see: http://judbarovski.livejournal.com/57457.html, {85)-p.130).
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Simple, but super-effective air turbine judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com [970]-2012/04/18, [972]-2012/04/20, [982]-2012/05/05 I can suppose the idea of enriching the very hot air by water injected is not-original, but very promising in term of pressure increasing, hence in term of energy effectiveness increasing. Certainly, it can be promising in the case of solar thermal power plant using the condensing turbine with the said mix of air and water steam as a working fluid, if water is condensed after the said turbine by a second loop of thermal power station using a low-boiling working fluid, then the condensed water is separated and then serving to be injected inside the hot air before the said turbine. The only, but extremely big disadvantage of the said technology is necessity of very high pressing to move the air from low pressure end being the separator the water from the air, to high pressure end being the turbine input. The said disadvantage problem can be solved if applying my two inventions. The first is a Converter of middle temperature heat into high temperature. In principle it was disclosed in http://judbarovski.livejournal.com/53406.html (2012/01/12), but being recently improved by me to convert the technology to be much more practical (2012, April) by using potassium superoxide instead of potassium peroxide. The second invention in principle was published and disclosed in a body of another article “Advanced high temperature air turbine” ( http://judbarovski.livejournal.com/56076.html, 2012/04/21). Being summarized, the said both technologies make possibility at first to rise temperature after solar power plant being about 500 Centigrade up to 1350 Centigrade, and moreover, to physically separate the said low pressure end from high pressure end, and it allows to use quite low pressing of the working fluids being the air and the water up to the place of the water injection that convert a conventional air turbine with energy effectiveness not more then about 20% into two loops gas turbine with energy efficiency of 60-65%. Now I have ready evaluation of my another invention, offering extremely simple & cheap in manufacturing and installation and maintenance breakthrough solar concentrating system, and it would be disclosed and published in my blog http://judbarovski.livejournal.com not more then two-three days later. Complex of the said my inventions can guarantee to produce solar electricity less then one US cent per kWh.
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New NG storage strategy as panacea, and consequences judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski@gmail.com [980]-2012/04/12, {84}-(4)-2012/04/29 It can be strange and puzzling, but in past and today LGN is considered mainly as a intermediate link of NG transportation technology, but not to be a mainstream of regulation of world prices of NG and of very specific relations of NG exporters and importers, that jack up prices of NG now from a few dollars per 1000 cubic meter on well point to more than US$ 500.0 as FOB price. One ton of NG-gas is 750 times bigger in a volume than one ton of LNG, and storage maintenance per each 1 ton of NG would be twice-triple of order of magnitude more expensive than storage of 1 ton LNG, while LNG production from NG today can be about US$ 35.0/1000 cubic meter, including capital cost repay. European Union is importing annually 420 milliard cubic meter of NG, and 50% of it is from Russia and pays for it more than 200 milliards USD. It would be enough to use about 30 reservoirs for LNG to store annual import instead of approximately some hundreds ones now used to store about two month NG import. It would be enough to equip above-mentioned reservoirs by walls with vacuum insulation. 1,500,000 kW of electricity would be enough to maintain a temperature and pressure inside them. Such storage adds about 7-8 USD to 1000 cubic meter The USA is today in crisis of overproduction of NG and can today supply 100 milliard cubic meter more else, while North American NG deposits are grandiose. Because USA NG storage reservoirs are overflowed with NG now, its prices are dropped. Additional 7 LNG tankers of now traditional 140,000t deadweight each by its total of 1.0 milliard USD would be able to supply additional 90 milliard cubic meter of NG from Saudi Arabia and its neighbors annually. Additional 90 milliards can give North Sea and North Africa. The EU can be able to re-export NG to Ukraine (27 milliard cub. meter) and to Moldova and save them from “Russian Bear” too. We can predict very interesting political life in such case, very many sophisticated combinations in economics, finance and politics in nearest future. The Big Games.
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Fashion Notebook Design & Marketing judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com [963]-2011-04-04 (idea goes back to March, 2012); {52},{54},{55}; and had been promoted. Because different iPhones, iPads, Samsung and so on are transient fashion only, are the toys being absolutely not meant for serious work, suitable play and watching TV, video and so on , that needs in much larger screen, much larger keyboard and many other accessories and much more capacity of batteries. Now Apple and Samsung isn’t interested in principle new portable products instead of the said toys, but the world market and most of companies now very suffering of a crash of their capitalization in competition with the said toys, must be ready to apply something analogous to my inventions. At first I was in success to combine the seemingly incompatible demands and have invented a pocket size notebook with 15 inch rigid screen. Three months later I came up with a happy idea by special ways to combine a notebook with a bag, a case etc., because students, scholchildren, advocates and other professionals, and especially women daily routinely carry quite big bags, moreover it would be very suitable and demanded for all kinds of tourists, and travelers, a business travelers, because such notebook can be equipped by quite light and small batteries can operate in internet some days before recharging. Now the world market is flooded by all kinds of bags as daily as very expensive elite to carry notebook inside it, but we can fix the notebook’s simply removable ultrathin screen to outer side of the bag, and the said screen can hide and protect a full size keyboard under it, and many other accessories, while batteries and full functional computer system unit can be small, light and cheap in manufacturing, moreover, it can be lightly removable too., and even to be today extremely costly in price toys as iPhone, and it make possibility to rise price for the notebook offered, as for elite bag as for daily use, or it can be any cheap smartphone or portable netbook, so it would be suited for different groups of buyers as for poor as for rich fabuously.
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Cities’ know-how can avoid traffic-jams. judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com [973]-2011-04-22 I intend to discuss below cities placed on relatively plain surface with very heavy traffic-jams problems, because grandiose quantity of all kinds of cars on its streets, and a lot of the streets are narrow or very narrow, but the city has some quite modern avenues, and they are all (or most of them) stretched in the same direction. For example, we’ll consider here Tel Aviv–Jaffa as such city, and now it is quite typical case among big cities of the world. I really like to suggest here that the city municipal authorities are being modern team of professionals, have an adequate budget at their disposal. Tel Aviv Municipality has applied some know-how intended to solve the city sore problem of heavy traffic-jams, but the said means looking as very promising, the result was not so very effective. Really, instead a lot of bus routes being very convenient for willing of citizens, but being summarized it was forming chaotic buses traffic, there was offered to create some trunk routes mainly along avenues are most of all in the same direction, and many auxiliary bus routes started from or started nearby the trunk routes’ bus stations. It creates a positive result. Many people both Tel Aviv-Jaffa citizens and of another city/town, but are busy in Tel Aviv, now prefer to use buses instead private cars. Moreover, there was created many bicycles short-time leasing stations throughout the city. You can take a bicycle and return it for another bicycles station nearby a place of your destination. All the means are looking very attractive theoretically, but in practice city’s streets are full by cars, staying in a traffic-jams, because a problem of crossroads is not be solved being very difficult and intricate problem for programmers and needs in a lot of control devices. Moreover, Tel Aviv car parking are very expensive, bicycle leasing is very expensive, and the both is private business and its prices isn’t controlled and limited now, car fuels are very expensive too, so now grown demand in buses induces the grown prices, because market laws. I can suppose there is a tight relation of the business lobby and corrupted bureaucracy. So the good idea was killed by bad men nature can’t be effective controlled by uncoordinated society. What can I add from myself to the absurd picture. It is a cheap front aerodynamic shield with a plastic transparent window. May be it can be tricycle with luggage rack. We can go on such muscle forced vehicles with velocity of about 40 km/h. We must develop cheap and simple positioning control for each specific city , and I sure it would be not difficult task. But it is much more important, if would be created the limiting laws for above-mentioned businesses.
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Advanced high temperature air turbine judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com [970], [972]- 2012/04/18-2012/04/20: {84}-p.46 – 2012/04/21 Here I intend to offer an idea of the air turbine system for solar power plant, is able to reach an energy efficiency of the best combustion gas turbines, i.e. a total energy efficiency about 65%, triple better than today has be reached!!! A most advanced sophisticated combustion gas turbine has the energy efficiency less 41% and ordinary is 25-33%, but jointed with water steam turbine it can reach above-mentioned total 60 or even 65% if being used low-boiling heat carrier instead the water steam. The air is an attractive heat carrier for a turbine, because it is a cheap and quite non-aggressive matter, while it can be heated up to practically unlimited high temperature. For a big regret, the said high temperature needs in a pressing of the said air and the said pressing wastes a lot of energy, but in any case the air turbine energy efficiency can be about 22%, even if the air being heated up to 1200 Centigrade, being today a practical limit for concentrated solar receivers and materials. My air turbine system consists of an air turbine supplied by a heat carrier being a mix of the air and the water steam alternately from two identical loops, the each consists of a receiver supplying the said turbine and supplied from a heat exchanger, that alternately is supplied from an output of the said turbine after cooling of the said circulated heat carrier that simultaneously is serving as heat energy source for the steam/gas turbine. The said heat exchanger alternately either heated by heat being originally a concentrated solar energy, or is cooled by a heat carrier of another steam/gas turbine. Both the said first steam/gas turbine and the another one can be used jointly by the both loops and can use as a heat carrier either the water steam or a low-boiling gas, e.g. pentane The heating phase of the said heat exchanger is serving to increase a pressure and a temperature of the said mix of the air and a water steam up to very high values. It makes a possibility to supply a corresponding receiver, always is under quite high pressure. The cooling phase of the said heat exchanger is serving to decrease a pressure and a temperature of the said mix of the air and the water steam, and it makes a possibility for the said heat exchanger to be supplied from a low pressure source being the said mix of the air and the water steam from output of the said turbine, but after cooling on the road to the said heat exchanger.
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Charger for soldier small electronics judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com[968], [987], {61}, {62} – 2012/04/11 Very actual problem is to develop a charger for soldier small electronics is attracting attention of all kinds of inventors and generously funded. US Army annually buys batteries for such purpose for some hundreds millions dollars, while developers are offering devices from traditional portfolio of inventions, are either absolutely foolish or unreasonable sophisticated. It is very strange and puzzling. Most “lovely” of them are based on piezoelectricity or vibrations, while walking, or PV-clothes, human’s muscle force etc, especially generously funded a micro-fuel cells and combustion engine MEMS-s. I read that modern soldier small electronics consumes about 5 watt-hours electricity for a person daily in average. So it can be supplied by tiny low-speed wind turbine of 0.25 watt and 7-10 cm in diameter with negligible thickness and can be quickly unfolded and saved in the soldier bag. Low-speed is low-noise and low initial torque, and a lion’s share of total weight of the charger being not more than 50 gram totally, is a weight of rechargeable battery. That wind turbine can be attached to a thin and quite short tube, can be fixed to soldier bag, or on land etc, operating practically whole days, when soldier is awake or asleep. Certainly, that must be supported by some small batteries reserved for long windless conditions, and can be supported by tiny solar PV-cell if clear days, and it can add additional possibilities for a soldier. Such PV-cell can be in a form of crossed three orthogonal planes, provides miniaturization of the said device, and it can be unfolded and saved in the soldier bag too.
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Breakthrough New Solar Power Strategy. judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com[966] + {60)-2012/04/10 Here I can disclose and discuss a new strategy relating to solar thermal power plants (STPP) now suffering of some distinctive features don’t make them possibility to substitute conventional Thermal Power Plant using fuels (FTPP) by more cheap and reliable way. My strategy disclosed below eliminates the following inherent disadvantages of STPP: (1) Today STPP-s can’t use very high temperature heat carrier medium needed to reach competitiveness with gas-turbine FTPP-s, because such STPP needs in very long tubes for transportation of very high temperature medium from one solar heating unit to other ones and/or to heat storage tanks, such tube have to be made of very expensive materials being an intolerably heavy burden on economics of such STTP. I successfully solved such problem. (2) Such STPP needs in high concentrating of solar energy, so it needs in very precise design & installation & control, and they are very expensive too. I solved such problem. It sound incredible, but it is true, because such problem don’t rise in my case. (3) All present known solar concentrators either are moving to follow the sun, so tubes connecting with such concentrator use high temperature fittings being very unreliable and exclusive things in such case, or if being motionless such concentrator needs in today very sophisticated and expensive additional concentrating mirrors (“beamdown”) being intolerably very expensive too. I solve such problem too and it was published by me three years ago. (4) Very high temperature heat storage medium to be both chemically non-aggressive and being mold in wide-range of temperatures and having quite low melting point, as it can I know, isn’t developed by researchers to be competitive to my earlier (several years ago) offer to use a waterless caustic soda as such heat storage medium. My STPP comprise: (1) Solar energy concentrating system being a two mirrors block/s. The first mirror is a plane one and redirects solar beams on the second mirror being motionless and in its turn concentrates the said redirected beams. Very simple and very cheap gadget with a very high precision is controlling the concentrating process. Moreover the system plenty economized a land area in comparison with conventional concentrating systems. Three years ago all that was disclosed in my blog. The said system serves to decompose a melted potassium superoxide into melted potassium and oxygen. The said reaction needs in about 500 Centigrade and a vacuum to evacuate the oxygen to a storage tank by pumping the said oxygen that naturally is mixed there to provide 10.5 mol of nitrogen per a 1.0 mol of oxygen. (2) A furnace for heating the dry air up to 1300 Centigrade by a heat of exothermic self-spontaneous reaction of burning the said potassium with the above-mentioned mix of dry gases being pressed and serving as an oxidant, to produce the potassium superoxide, and the said nitrogen doesn’t react, and serves to control the said air temperature at its designed value of 1300 Centigrade. You can see that the said mix of gases is circulating between its storage tank and the furnace, while the said oxygen and the said potassium are recycled by the said solar concentrator/s. The systems (1) and (2) are serving to increase 500 centigrade of the system (1) up to designed temperature of the said dry air of 1300 Centigrade. (3) A heat exchanger is heating an aerosol of a melted waterless caustic soda from 360 Centigrade up to 1290 Centigrade by spraying of it into the said dry air earlier heated inside the furnace. The said caustic soda is chemically neutral being waterless and can destroy organic materials only and serves as heat storage medium and circulates between the said heat exchanger and two tanks system of heat storage. The said dry air is circulating between the said furnace and the said heat exchanger. (4) A second heat exchanger by hot caustic soda pumped from two tanks system of heat storage is heating a heat carrier being an air too and serving to move high temperature turbine. You can see that all tubes transporting the above-mentioned high temperature materials are motionless and can be very short and they don’t suffer of destroying by aggressive chemicals inside them, and must satisfy high temperature stresses only, so they can be a quite small total cost, while 500 Centigrade long tubes can be of cheap materials and be quite small total cost too. All tubes are motionless and so are very reliable against any leakage from them. All chemicals are recycled inside the said STPP, so give a low expense impact on a cost of kWh of power produced, and the caustic soda needed to be in large amount to provide uninterrupted power production while sunless conditions during long time, is not expensive and can satisfy even a week without sun with negligible impact on a cost of kWh produced. Moreover, energy and power density of the renewable energy storage using the waterless caustic soda would be 660 watt-hour of the system’s electricity per kg of caustic soda being practically eternal for exploiting. Electric batteries and fuel cells are much worse as means of renewable energy storage.
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