Underground Transport, its Realization and Consequences.
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com
[597]-2009/12/03

Breakthrough city transport paradigm is based not only on hiding the transport travel down the ground, and it is not a new idea, but the key element of it must be a realistic economical way to bore tunnels, and much more other decisions had to be found to do all the transport system realistic cheap and suitable for all real cities and their vital demands. I hope in the article to show all of those, and in the first hand I want here to underline, that it would be breakthrough new approach excluding absolutely absurd attempts to save a recent transport structure, but for underground application.
(1) I suppose a thermal boring to be the most cheap and quite quick method to bore the tunnels. I had estimate it would be about million dollars per kilometer and 30 sq. meter of its cross-section, if use coal based electricity and on-line recuperation of the boring waste high temperature heat into the electricity.
(2) I suppose the freight trains and passenger trains to choice as such underground means of transport and they would be electrical ones powered on-line from an underground grid and moving regularly according a schedule. So such transportation would be independent of weather conditions and some times cheaper than fueled city transport working now with very low energy efficiency and using expensive fuel. It would be very clean transport, and city streets would not be suffered of cars harmful exhaust. The underground transport doesn’t need in electric batteries to store energy. I suppose too such transport to be public one.
(3) I suppose a network of stations to be very dense, therefore to the nearest metro station is no more than 10 minutes walk with a hand luggage. More heavy loads are delivered to the freight stations are no more than 10 minutes to deliver the goods from them to consumer by a land transport as a variant of the postal service. Travel within the city also allowed for ambulances, police patrols, firefighters, etc.
(4) Garages are located on the periphery of the city if the city is not too large, but for the metropolis the garages sites have special highways from them to the metropolis periphery.
(5) Because the underground transport decision needs in huge electric energy, the electricity could be delivered from renewable sources of energy (e.g. solar, wind, geothermal, tidal, etc) in regular predictable mode of energy demand, hence a very sore problems of the renewable energy now needed in electric grid smart regulation would be very simplified, while now huge amount of renewable electricity isn’t demanded, and it constrains broad development of the renewable energy too.

Tags: consequences, economical, realization, renewable energy, underground transport

New concept of electric generators/motors
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejornal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[593]-2009/11/19
I suppose a multi-angular star-shaped wire can serve as a key element of electric generator, if left sides of the angles have electric conductivity more than if their right sides or vice versa and if a pole of a magnet being perpendicular to a plane of the star, and a plane of the wire is moving relatively the magnet or vice verse. That assumption is based on Lorentz force creates the equal quantity of electrons moving oppositely into the sides of each angle, so equal streams, but creates unbalanced electromotive force there, because non-equal resistances. By analogous way it can be designed an electric motor. I suppose too that such motor or generator can be sufficiently lighter in weight against conventional ones.

Tags: electric generator, electric motor, new concept

Method to increase a power of atomic icebreakers
[591]-2009/11/17
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
If adding an intermediate heat storage between a nuclear reactor and steam turbines, it has to rise the maximal possible power of an atomic icebreaker of twice-triple or even much more without increasing of a power its nuclear reactors, if a total power of its steam turbines and generators can allow.
Indeed, a period, when the atomic icebreaker needs to operate with its maximal power, is relatively small, even if the icebreaker is breaking “a very heavy ice”, because before it the icebreaker wastes much time on a reversing, and on a falling back, and only then on an acceleration and a coming over the ice, which needs in maximal actual power, while outside the maximal affords and most period of the icebreaker mission, its actual power much less than possibility of its engines. For the “Arctica” type of Russian atomic icebreakers with total power of their generators of 55.3 MW would be enough about 200-300 ton of melted sodium as heat storage carrier, while the ship is about 25000 ton, so the ship can be re-equipped to recover into much more powerful ship on an order of magnitude by adding more steam turbines and generators without overloading sufficiently the ships, or new built atomic icebreakers of “the Arctica”- class possibilities could be equipped on an order of magnitude less powered atomic reactors than their now actual prototype.

Economical ultra-light solar concentrators
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[588], [590]-2009/11/11-15
An idea of inflated thin walled container forming a solar concentrator occurred to me earlier about two years ago, and at that time it seemed to me to be very difficult for manufacturing. Now with a help of quite simple know-how the idea is supposed me to be able to be realized successfully, so all advantages of it could be realized: extremely low cost, light in weight, minimal materials capacity, especially metals one, cheap and light for transportation and quick and simple in installing, high accuracy of its dimensions could be achieved by quick and simple stamping of some thin sheets to produce many items by one operating step.
The said know-how is a method of assembling: at first two stamped thin sheets are joined by numerous thin ropes inserted through corresponding pairs of holes in the pair of the thin sheets by three workers, one of them is working inside the said two sheets, and two others are fixing the thin rope at their pre-designed gap inside the assembly, and the assembly would be installed at its operating place by fixing it to a hoop if a dish solar concentrator or to a rectangular frame if a trough solar concentrator and then inflated by small air pressure to form the solar concentrator. The said solar concentrator at its solar side is protected against wind pressure, and chemical degradation, and atmospheric precipitations and dust by a transparent flexible airproof thin film leaning on a supporting lattice, and at the back side it is protected by another thin cover. The said supporting lattice could be formed from crossed thin bars by slot into slot.
While operating, the constant inside pressure can be controlled by a small pump during very long period of the solar concentrator work. It allows to use very thin and non-sophisticated sheets, hence negligible in a cost as against of a power part of the system.

Tags: economical, inflated, solar concentrator, ultra-light

Breakthrough Economical City Public Transport
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[582], [584] - 2009/10/27-30

Earlier I had developed an original concept of a heat engine with long-term onboard heat storage tank containing a melted stuff serving as energy carrier to move a land transport. The said melted stuff is heated up to high temperature, and being melted the said heat carrier is heating a work medium (e.g. water steam or air) moving a turbine moving the transport or moving onboard electric generator moving the transport. Two tanks system can provide a constant temperature of the said work medium during all period of the transport route. The transport offered is green inside its city route. And absolutely green, if the heat charged by green electricity
The concept would be especially attractive if being applied for city public transport, because it could be charged by heat energy at its end terminals in stationary conditions for relatively short mileage of some tens kilometers, so the mass of the said melted stuff would be relatively light in weight and can be substituted at the said terminals by a portion of a fresh hot melted stuff in very short time of about a minute. The fresh hot melted stuff comes from a terminal big tank and could be heated up to desired high temperature in stationary conditions by cheap solid fuel or by electricity. And in any the cases the transport energy consume would be some times cheaper than if hydrocarbons as the fuel (diesel, gasoline or propane/butane or natural gas). If using fullerene lubricator it can be additionally cheaper.
In the case of long sleeping period of the means of the transport, and if the said melted stuff isn’t pumped out of the said storage tank in time, and it would be recovered in solid state inside the storage tank, the storage tank must be equipped by small and cheap iron wire to melt the said stuff by electricity.
The waterless caustic soda can be chosen as the said stuff, it is quite non-aggressive against iron and non-poison chemicals if waterless, and its energy density could be high like if electric rechargeable accumulators, but it is very much cheaper and practically eternal as against very short-lived and very expensive electric rechargeable accumulators.

Concept of solar thermochemistry
[580]-2009/10/26
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru

A dish solar concentrator is equipped by secondary mirror focusing beams down onto a crucible placed at a hole on the solar dish frame. Such construction is recommended to be deployed in sunny places from tropic till subtropics and to work, when the sun placed near zenith. In that case, a top surface of liquid stuff inside the crucible is horizontal or near horizontal, and if quite high height of the crucible, they allow working with sufficient quantity of the said stuff during 2-5 hours a day.

Tags: chemistry, concept, solar

Duckweeds versus micro-algae for biofuel (Advanced Technology)
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[575]-2009/10/16 – [578]-2009/10/19, {60}-p.33

Duckweeds farming could have some important economical advantages versus micro-algae technology, but if using some technological know-how, which I intend to disclose in the article.
Tens years was wasted for massive investigations to develop micro-algae biomass farming technology, but till now the micro-algae biomass for biofuels can’t substitute fossil fuels by economically competitive way, because the technology has some principle disadvantages.
Algae needs for their growing in huge surface areas illuminated by very powerful light, and the light is consumed very energy ineffectively, and it is one of the principle disadvantages of any photosynthesis as against chemical processes working into the volume. To accept maximally the light energy, ponds containing the micro-algae must be agitated to expose more micro-algae cells to the light, and the agitation consumes very many energy.
To extract the micro-algae biomass from the ponds water, it needs in very costly technology, e.g. ultra-centrifuging or micro-filtering etc.
The duckweeds, e.g. Wolffia being smallest plant in the world of about 1 mm in size, could be extracted by vulgar scooping up from a pond can be covered up to its 100% surface area by the floating Wolffia. The Wolffia consists of up to 65% of starch, up to 20% of fats, but less 20% of protein, so the plant is very attractive biomass for converting it into biofuels.
The vulgar scooping or trawling are most popular the duckweeds extracting technologies, but they are very labor-consuming processes, especially, if wanted to be extracted without creating large and compact non-productive holes onto a carpet of the plants.
I suppose to offer following original technology of the duckweeds farming, which promises maximal biomass yield with minimal labor consume and minimal energy consume.
The said pond covered on 100% of its surface area by the duckweeds, I offer to divide along with the help of fence into two parts connected by a wide channel at one end of the pond and by special tube/s with pump/s at another side, so the water covered densely by duckweeds is flowing circulated. Inside outlet tube of the said pump is inserted a relatively thin tube to evacuate a part of duckweeds, further transported to a product stacks by a conveyor equipped by a sieve on its bottom to divide product from the water, which returns back to the pond. If the said pond made to be shallow, the energy expense to move the pond water would be quite small relatively to cost of the said biomass as a product of the technology. Passive arrays of obstacles just after the said outlet tube/s and across water flow afterwards could make the duckweeds density to be uniform along the water surface. Monitoring of biomass density on the pond surface allows maximal biomass harvest, and the distance monitoring means are well known and quite simple and cheap. By such way we could produce about one kg of the biomass per day from each squire meter of the pond surface, it is up to 180 ton/ha of dry biomass annually, and it is enough to produce about 50 ton ethanol, or 35 ton/ha ( e.g. 4 liter from each sq. meter) of oil equivalent annually, so many-fold more than soya bean or corn. It is a good productivity being well competitive to micro-algae biomass, but by much cheaper way, and my biomass technology offered, even if wild duckweeds, allows to produce fuel, would be cheaper, than fossil hydrocarbons and allows to substitute significant share of them, especially if it would be GM duckweed developed from now wild duckweeds. Enormously huge desert and arid lands of Australia could be attractive base for biomass farming and small share of the lands can satisfy all fuel consume of the mankind.

Tags: biofuel, biomass, cheap, duckweed, micro-algae, technology, wolffia

Sulfur cycle to produce cheap hydrogen
[576]-2009/10/09
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru

(1) H2S + 21 kJ = H2 +S
(2) S produces H2S in artificial condition of sea hydrothermal vent, e.g. by thermophilic bacteria.
Especial ractical interest could be demonstrated, if the heat for the second process would be fed in great amount by waste worm of electric power stations or after other relevant plants (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry, food industry etc).
For example, hydrogen produced as a by-product by of technology on the waste warm of electric power stations could give an income approximately equal or even more than an income of its direct product being electricity.
The technology offered could be simply scaled or blocked from standardized smaller plants.

Tags: cheap hydrogen, hydrothermal vent, sulfur cycle, thermophilic bacteria

Mini/Micro UFV (Unmanned Flying Vehicle)
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejoutnal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[564]-2009/09/27, [579]-2009/10/19, {60}-(4)

My idea of VTOL disclosed earlier in http://judbarovski.livejournal.com/20805.html) is applied here fruitfully for Mini/Micro UFV design. Rough calculations show me, that negligible small energy of Li-rechargeable battery of about 250 milligram would be enough for Micro UFV of about 5 gram to fly with quite well velocity of about 10 km/h during an hour. For such result an air flow along a top side of a UFV could be created by a tiny turbine of about 300 Hertz being a realistic frequency is similar to a wing frequency of small flying insects. I want to underline, that it was my estimations only being applied for very specific case of UFV dimensions, so such type of a UFV can be well improved and optimized. But a doubtless result of my investigation is a discovery of a secret of very energy economical flight of insects and a possibility to apply the discovered secret to create Mini/Micro UFV in demand as civil as military and security ones.

Tags: economical, fly, insect, mini, mocro, secret, ufv

Breakthrough e-book design (“E-book after a book”)
judbarovski@gmail.com, http://judbarovski.livejournal.com, http://judbarovski.inauka.ru
[571]-2009/10/10

Here I intend to offer an original e-book design.
The e-book offered is a cylinder of about an inch in diameter and about ten or more inches of length with a keyboard of about a dozen of control keys along the cylinder. Three grooves along the cylinder serve to hide two telescopic bars to hold firmly a screen when working, an e-pen and third bar equipped at its top by tiny display of photodiodes and by mini-projector, which are hidden into special hole inside the cylinder too, and when the e-book operates the third bar is perpendicular to the screen and located on the upper side of the cylinder. In its sleeping period the screen being a thin flexible sheet is rolled up inside the cylinder and a small part of the screen is outside of inner space of the cylinder and rolled up on it to protect all of above-mentioned gadgets. Besides the cylinder have ports for a computer and other helpful IT equipments if needed. The e-book is equipped by battery of some watt-hours and by a compact memory of Giga or more.
Such e-book is uniting all advantages as paper-books as present e-books designs, but being much more comfortable in serve than the both of them. As each new product with multi-milliards potential it needs and allows to spend millions dollars expenditure for its aggressive promotion, starting for education institutes and then could be spread in niches now occupied by modern mobile phones and laptops.

Tags: breakthrough, comfortable, cylinder, design, e-book, photodiode, projector, promotion